ESG and Of Interest News
Pacific Economic Update: Slowing Growth Highlights Need for More Inclusive Workforce
June 17, 2025-Increasing women's workforce participation could boost GDP per capita by over 20 percent across Pacific countries, shows World Bank report
Economic growth is slowing across the Pacific as countries face weak global growth, natural hazards and climate related shocks.
The World Bank's flagship Pacific Economic Update, released today in Honiara, projects regional growth to fall to 2.6 percent in 2025, down from 5.5 percent in 2023.
This comes as post-COVID recovery fades, tourism weakens in some countries, and global policy uncertainty rises. Inflation is easing but remains above pre-pandemic levels-keeping the cost of living stubbornly high.
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Source: worldbank.org
Global Carbon Pricing Mobilizes Over $100 Billion for Public Budgets
June 10, 2025--Over one quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions are covered by carbon pricing
Carbon pricing revenues exceeded $100 billion in 2024, according to a new World Bank report released today. Over half of this revenue generated for public budgets was earmarked for environment, infrastructure, and development projects, representing a slight increase from previous years.
The report-State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025-notes that there are now 80 carbon pricing instruments in operation worldwide, a net increase of five over the past year. The report shows that all large middle-income economies have now either implemented or are considering direct carbon pricing, with emissions trading systems (ETSs) accounting for most of the new and planned instruments.
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Source: worldbank.org
Accelerating Blue Finance: Instruments, Case Studies, and Pathways to Scale
June 7, 2025--The ocean drives economic prosperity and environmental stability for billions of people. Yet it is under threat from overfishing, pollution and climate change.
Public financing isn't enough to respond. The answer: unlock private capital to conserve marine life, prevent overfishing, and build coastal infrastructure to resist floods.
Blue finance-or a range of financial instruments-can plug the gap. But accelerating these solutions requires action from governments, private investors and local communities.
Accelerating and scaling the effective use of blue finance requires a shift from fragmented pilot projects to coordinated, system-wide action. Blue finance instruments-such as blue bonds, debt-for-nature swaps, and parametric insurance-have already demonstrated their potential to address fiscal pressures, enhance climate resilience, and support ecosystem restoration across diverse contexts. These successes were not isolated; they were underpinned by conductive policy frameworks, robust data systems, inclusive governance structures, and the strategic alignment of financial instruments with policy objectives.
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Source: worldbank.org
The Longevity Dividend
June 3, 2025--Aging populations should be embraced, not feared
The story of demographic doom has become familiar: Declining birth rates will cause populations to shrink, while longer lifespans will increase the costs of pensions and eldercare. Relatively fewer workers will have to pay for it all.
This story is partly true: One in ten people worldwide are now over 65, and that proportion is projected to double over the next 50 years (see Chart 1). Population decline has already begun in places such as Japan and China. Those countries are also experiencing a sharp increase in median age, as is Europe.
But the pessimism around an aging population is too one-sided. In fact, the combination of older people becoming more numerous and more likely to work makes them essential to economic dynamism.
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Source: IMF.org
Sustaining Growth in an Aging World
June 2, 2025--Older populations need not lead to slumping economic growth and mounting fiscal pressures
The demographic dividend that has supported global economic expansion in recent decades will soon make way for a demographic drag. In advanced economies the share of working-age people is shrinking already.
The largest emerging market economies will reach this demographic turning point within the decade, while the most populous low-income countries will get there by 2070. What do falling fertility and rising longevity mean for the world economy?
Our recent study with coauthors from the IMF's Research Department weighs the economic headwinds from older populations against the tailwinds from healthy aging. We show that improved labor market outcomes for people aged 50 and older, thanks to better health, could contribute about 0.4 percentage point annually to global GDP growth in 2025-50.
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Source: IMF.org
Green Technologies: Decarbonizing Development in East Asia and Pacific
June 2, 2025--East Asia is helping the rest of the world decarbonize and encouraging the domestic adoption of renewable energy. But there is an imbalance: Even as the region's innovation and investment improve global access to green technologies, the region's own emissions continue to grow, because of the reluctance to penalize carbon-intensive practices.
The region has helped advance green tech development and diffusion
Countries in the region, notably China, are contributing significantly to the development and global diffusion of green technologies.
The division of labor and high levels of competition across countries in the region-such as Viet Nam in solar panels and Thailand in vehicle components-have led to significant reductions in costs.
China and other EAP countries hold a large share of downstream segments of clean energy supply chains. As a global manufacturing hub, the region is uniquely positioned to harness the green transition to boost its own economic growth.
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Source: worldbank.org
IEA- Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025
June 1, 2025--Executive summary
Demand for key energy minerals continued to grow strongly in 2024. Lithium demand rose by nearly 30%, significantly exceeding the 10% annual growth rate seen in the 2010s. Demand for nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earths increased by 6-8% in 2024.
This growth was largely driven by energy applications such as electric vehicles, battery storage, renewables and grid networks. In the case of copper, the rapid expansion of grid investments in China has been the single largest contributor to demand growth over the past two years. For battery metals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt and graphite, the energy sector accounted for 85% of total demand growth over the same period.
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Source: IEA (International Energy Agency)
A Critical Look at Dollar Dominance
May 23, 2025--The dollar remains central to the global economy despite the search for alternatives.
How has the US dollar dominated the global financial system for so long? Harvard economics professor Kenneth Rogoff seeks to answer this question in Our Dollar, Your Problem. As the world comes to terms with the dollar’s weaponization in geopolitical rivalries and recent flight from US financial assets, the book couldn't be timelier.
Rogoff compares the dollar's post-World War II performance with other major currencies. While the Soviet ruble was never a serious competitor to the dollar, the Japanese yen at one point was. However, the yen’s sharp appreciation after the 1985 Plaza Accord fueled a bubble in Japan's stocks and real estate. By the time Japan had recovered from the bursting of the bubble, the US and its dollar had forged ahead.
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Source: IMF.org
Economics and Nature's Laws
May 23, 2025--A provocative new book proposes a radically different approach to economic theory
Among ongoing efforts to rethink the basic tenets of mainstream economics is a provocative new book by James Galbraith and Jing Chen. The authors sweep aside the intellectual structure of mainstream theory-which rests on concepts like the marginal utility theory of value, market equilibrium, and a steady state for the economy-and propose a radically different approach: "entropy economics."
The book is part of an emerging biophysical view of the world, grounded in the laws of nature, which sees economic activities as resembling biological and mechanical activities. For example, economies are prone to become unstable as they expand and become more complex, and they need regulation to exist and survive.
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Source: IMF.org
AI Needs More Abundant Power Supplies to Keep Driving Economic Growth
May 13, 2025--The power-hungry technology requires policies to help expand electricity supplies, incentivize alternative sources, and help contain price surges
Artificial intelligence is an emerging source of productivity and economic growth that's also reshaping employment and investment.
AI has the potential to raise the average pace of annual global economic growth according to scenarios in our recent analysis, included in the IMF's April 2025 World Economic Outlook.
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Source: IMF.org
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