The Circular Economy in Cities and Regions of the European Union

April 15, 2025-Abstract
The transition to a circular economy is critical for achieving sustainable development, resource efficiency, and building a resilient future for all. Over the past decade, the European Union (EU) has demonstrated an unprecedented commitment to advancing a circular economy, advocating for action at national, regional and local level. However, most economies remain predominantly linear.

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of circular economy practices, challenges, and opportunities in cities and regions, building on a survey of 64 cities and regions of the EU, lessons learned from 10 place-based policy dialogues in specific cities and regions, and desk research. The report concludes with policy recommendations to accelerate a territorial approach to the circular economy for place-based policies that are aligned with EU-wide goals.